Photoprotection carotenoids uses. Carotenoids modulate cosmetically relevant skin properties.

Photoprotection carotenoids uses The characteristics of carotenoids, their effects on health, and the cosmetic benefits of their usage have been under investigation for a long time; however, most reviews on this subject focus on carotenoids obtained from several microalgae, vegetables, fruits, and higher plants. 4549. Carotenoids have been shown to have two major functions in photosynthesis. Marine drugs, 2018. Carotenoids are among the most efficient naturally occurring quenchers of 1O 2. Carotenoids are among the most abundant natural pigments available in nature. , 2022). Having shown that the translocation of carotenoid within the protein is a functional trigger for photoprotection, scientists are now looking to other carotenoid-binding protein complexes to see if translocation could play a role in those Photoprotection by Carotenoids During Photosynthesis: Motional Dependence of Intramolecular Energy Transfer. Mar 3, 2011 · Carotenoids are the most common pigments in nature and are synthesized by all photosynthetic organisms and fungi. The photoprotective effects of carotenoids have been investigated in humans using carotenoid supplements or carotenoid-rich fruits and vegetables as oral sun protectants. Apr 17, 2012 · Carotenoids are micronutrients present mainly in fruits and vegetables, and they are ingested from these sources with the diet. Carotenoids are the combined form of carotenes which are basically hydrocarbons categorized into acyclic (lycopene and phytoene), cyclic (α- and β-)-carotene [25] and xanthophylls such as lutein, bixin, capsanthin, zeaxanthin and β-cryptoxanthin [[26], [27], [28]]. In contrast, the hydroxylation pathway to produce zeaxanthin, caloxanthin and nostoxanthin The Plant Cell, Vol. MAMMALIAN STUDIES Carotenoid pigments have been used with varying levels of success as protectors from photodermatoses in humans as well as other mammalian systems. literature in the area of photoprotection by carotenoids (1984-June 1987) and discuss in more detail their role in the phytopathogenic smut fungus Ustilago violacea. , 2017). no sunscreens are used. 982 Photoprotection can be achieved through dynamic photoinhibition (the main regulatory process of photosynthesis) [35,36], through photoprotective compounds such as the pigments themselves (carotenoids, chlorophylls, phycobiliproteins), UV-absorbing mycosporine-like amino acids (MAAs), as, for example, in the Cyanophyte Anabaena sp. As such, it was proposed carotenoids are loaded into the epidermal keratinocytes, which are continuously generated at the basement membrane and then migrate to the skin surface, trans-porting with them the carotenoids to the upper layers. Indeed, oxygenic photosynthesis is particularly prone to oxidative damage due to (i) the photosensitizing action of porphyrins and (ii) reduction of oxygen by univalent Dec 24, 2024 · The highest concentration of carotenoids (89 mg L −1 of fermentation solution) was obtained when 20 g L −1 of sucrose was used as a carbon source, while the highest yield (35 mg g −1 of dehydrated biomass) was achieved when 13. Jan 1, 2023 · A study reveals that carotenoids market is projected to reach from 1. Mathews-Roth. The study of daily changes in photosynthetic rate, of energy used in photochemical and non-photochemical processes, and of carotenoid composition aimed at evaluating the role of xanthophyll cycle (XC) in protection of hoary plantain plants (Plantago media) in nature. Plants have evolved … The molecular structure of chromophore of (all-E)-β-carotene (A), responsible for the absorption of light in the visible range. Feb 11, 2020 · However, the role of these carotenoids in photoprotection is still unclear and recent evidence suggests that a wider range of carotenoids including myxol 2′-methylpentosides and canthaxanthin may also play a role in OCP and RCP (Melnicki et al. Excessive free chlorophyll and its precursors can cause oxidative damage to photosynthetic organisms. Using the keywords 'carotenoids', 'flavonoids', 'systemic photoprotection', 'polyphenols' and 'polypo … energy used in photochemical and non-photochemical processes and photoprotection through the regulation of XC in hoary plantain plants (Plantago media) in nature. , 1997). , 2015; Sun et al. A (2 x 0. Dec 1, 2016 · First, we wanted to test if AstaP is able to give carotenoids to the apoform of the Orange Carotenoid Protein, which is the photoactive 35-kDa protein responsible for the photoprotection mechanism Oct 19, 2024 · Understanding carotenoids is essential due to their functions within plant systems. , 2014 , Gouveia et al. 10 β-Carotene and other caro-tenoids scavenge peroxyl radicals, especially at low oxygen tension. , 2017b). Based on their structure, carotenoids can be classified into the non-oxygenated carotene and oxygen containing xanthophyll. Carotenoids also provide precursors for the biosynthesis of phytohormones abscisic acid (ABA) and strigolactones (SLs). Light capture, photosynthesis photoprotection, excess light dissipation and quenching of singlet oxygen are among key biological functions of carotenoids relevant for life on earth. Carotenoids act by scavenging both O 2 − and OH and by quenching 1 O 2 in thylakoids, thus preventing lipid peroxidation . Xu et al. Apocarotenoids derived from carotenoid degradation can serve critical functions including hormones, volatiles, and signals. A major role of carotenoids in plants is the contribution to light capture in photosynthesis and photoprotection under high light conditions (Polívka and Frank, 2010; Dall’Osto et al. 2. Phototoxicity caused by overexposure, especially to ultraviolet radiation (UVR), results in burns, accelerates photoaging, and causes skin cancer formation. Systemic photoprotection with carotenoids after supplementation or ingestion of a carotenoid rich diet has been demonstrated in several human intervention studies. Carotenoids are garnering attention in the skin health industry because of their UV photoprotection potential, given the direct relationship between UV exposure and skin burns, and cancer. Carotenoids and Photosynthesis - Springer Abstract. This protective ability has been exploited in the administration of high doses of beta-carotene to patients with erythropoietic protoporphyria to ameliorate the photosensitivity associated w … Sep 20, 2014 · Functional genomics of higher plant carotenoids. Studies o … Having been shown to be a quencher of singlet oxygen in vitro , several studies indicate that lycopene may provide photoprotection, although most of the in vivo studies have used products containing lycopene extracts (e. 50,51 However one of the major problems with carotenoids which limits their use, is their instability, once they are purified from their natural sources. Systemic photoprotection is often administered orally, complementing topical protection. All species retained lutein and the pool of xanthophyll cycle pigments in higher amounts than other carotenoids in late autumn. 52 Researchers have tried to improve the stability and Jan 1, 2010 · Carotenoids are essential components of the photosynthetic machinery, involved in the assembly of the photosystems, light-harvesting and photoprotection. Large scale production of nature identical carotenoids has been flourished due to its demand. When white light or low fluence rates of UV-. Furthermore it can also be supplied by topical application of carotenoids (Fig. , 2012; Qin et al. , 2006; Formaggio, Cinque, & Bassi, 2001): organisms with a different Aug 7, 2024 · To date, the mechanism of action of OCP in performing NPQ is unknown. They are the second most abundant pigment in nature and provide substrate derivatives for the production of phytohormones, such as abscisic acid and strigolactones. Hence these molecules are handled in encapsulated forms rather than crystalline forms. Carotenoids are isoprenoid metabolites synthesized de novo in all photosynthetic organisms. Despite of that, endogenous carotenoids in foods are usually stable. Carotenoids, a form of vitamin A that includes β-carotene, lycopene, lutein, and zeaxanthin, are micronutrient pigments present in plants that exhibit AO activity and contribute to photoprotection. Jan 1, 2010 · Based on their structural features both compounds may act as UV absorbers and contribute to photoprotection of the skin. beta-carotene is a major constituent of comercially available products administered for systemic photoprotection. Nov 1, 2020 · Endogenous photoprotection is related to antioxidant effects of carotenoids. , 2017; Emiliani et al. First, they act as accessory light-harvesting pigments, effectively extending the range of light absorbed by the photosynthetic apparatus. Systemic photoprotection aims to negate the negative effects of ultraviolet radiation-induced DNA damage. Following consumption of a carotenoid-rich diet, that is, a diet rich in colored fruits and vegetables, they are first released from the food matrix and incorporated into mixed micelles in the Sep 1, 2021 · Carotenoids are accessory pigments in photosynthesis that serve a range of functions such as light harvesting, photoprotection, and structural stabilization. 3) as explained below;. New and classic oral agents (e. However, many natural pigments present health-promoting activities that make them an interesting option Antarctica's harsh environmental conditions, characterized by high levels of ultraviolet (UV) radiation, pose challenges for microorganisms. (e) Thermal energy dissipation of absorbed light energy (qE). Carotenoids play important roles in living organisms. Particularly concentrated in the eye's retina, lutein and zeaxanthin play a crucial role in protecting against oxidative damage, maintaining visual function, and reducing the risk Jan 2, 2008 · Carotenoids and Photoprotection * Micheline M. To survive in these extreme cold regions with heightened UV exposure, microorganisms employ various adaptive strategies, including photoprotective carotenoid synthesis. This effect is known as photoinhibition. Carotenoids are micronutrients present mainly in fruits and vegetables, and they are ingested from these sources with the diet. In this work, we performed ultrafast spectroscopy on a minimal NPQ system composed of the active domain of OCP bound to the phycobilisome core. β-Carotene is used as an oral sun protectant for the prevention of sunburn and has been shown to be effective either alone or in combination with other Sep 25, 2024 · These results reveal synergistic regulation of chlorophyll and carotenoids biosynthesis in cyanobacteria in response to frequent dark–light transitions, which slows down chlorophyll biosynthesis while promoting carotenoids biosynthesis to avoid oxidative damage caused by excessive reactive oxygen species accumulation. Introduction. β-Carotene and lycopene, the colorants of carrots and tomatoes, respectively, are among the most prominent members of this group of lipids, and they are The use of carotenoids in various devices is a way forward towards green technology as carotenoids are non-toxic even at high doses. Males of sockeye salmon, Oncorhynchus nerka , in experiments in the wild were observed to preferentially select and spawn with artificial female models with a red hue, the predominant color of Jan 24, 2024 · Sunlight, despite its benefits, can pose a threat to the skin, which is a natural protective barrier. Owing to th … Feb 18, 2021 · Carotenoids are used as functional foods ingredients due to their extraordinary melting points, creating crystals during food storage. The chlorophyll family plays a vital role in light May 12, 2022 · Carotenoids play a key role in protecting photosynthesis from the toxic effect of over-excitation: under excess light conditions, plants accumulate a specific carotenoid, zeaxanthin, which was Dec 1, 2024 · Carotenoids are essential isoprenoids with vital roles in photoprotection and antioxidative processes in photosynthetic organisms. Chlorophyll, carotenoids and phycobilins are the prime photosynthetic pigments which facilitate efficient light absorption in plants, algae, and cyanobacteria. Natural substances of plant origin, i. , 2010) via antioxidation and as sunscreening agents (Mathew-Roth, 1997 The chapter describes the use of various optical spectroscopic approaches for elucidating the mechanisms of light harvesting and photoprotection, which are critical biological roles of carotenoids in photosynthesis. Only the xanthophyll cycle carotenoids follow the light level, while all other carotenoids remain at similar levels all day. 0 billion USD by 2026. O 2 - and H 2 O 2 produced at PSI are scavenged enzymatically and non-enzymatically by ascorbate. These pigments may be red, yellow or orange depending on its necessity of fulfilling its physiological function . doi: 10. Jun 13, 2016 · In photosynthetic organisms, carotenoids have several functions beyond its attractiveness: these compounds play an important role in photosynthesis, act as accessory pigments for photoprotection Carotenoids are essential for photosynthesis and photoprotection in photosynthetic organisms and beneficial for human health. g. Carotenoids are divided into two primary categories: carotenes and xanthophylls. A minority of bacteria use the MVA pathway, and only a few of them use both pathways [123]. They have been used commercially as food colorants … This article is an updated version of a previous publication about carotenoids [1]. When in excess, light can be dangerous for the photosynthetic apparatus because it can cause photo-oxidative damage and decreases the efficiency of photosynthesis because of photoinhibition. [37], and Carotenoids in plant photoprotection 731 As a prerequisite for studies on the protective role of carotenoids in Fusarium some harmful effects of light were characterized. also show that the photosystems can adapt to using different carotenoids, and can even operate with a reduced number of them. Oct 13, 2016 · Pigments can be divided into four categories: natural, nature-identical, synthetic, and inorganic colors. The carotenoids are accumulated in epidermis (where it is more needed) through two pathways from within body. Carotenoids play several important roles within the human body. In this work, we analyze the photosynthetic phenotypes of two newly isolated Arabidopsis mutants in carotenoid Feb 23, 2024 · Based on this core concept, carotenoids have emerged as effective phytotherapeutics for preserving macular health and protecting the retina from damage by blue light (Citation 11). Carotenoid pigments, particularly β-carotene and lycopene, are consumed in human foodstuffs and play a vital role in maintaining health. Reverse genetic of xanthophylls biosynthesis enzymes in Arabidopsis thaliana has been instrumental in order to dissect the function of each May 1, 2023 · Carotenoids and flavonoids are two major groups of secondary metabolites that play key roles in several physiological activities, including photoprotection (Stahl and Sies, 2007). 216. Artificial colorants are the most used in food and pharmaceutical industries because of their advantages related to color range, price, resistance to oxygen degradation, and solubility. This oral photoprotection can be combined with topical sunscreens to protect the skin. energy used in photochemical and non-photochemical processes and photoprotection through the regulation of XC in hoary plantain plants (Plantago media) in nature. Oct 1, 2021 · Besides their role in light harvesting to transfer of excitation energy to reaction centers, carotenoids also play a vital role of photoprotection. As further addressed in Section 6. , essential micronutrients as vitamins, minerals, polyphenols, carotenoids) are endowed with photoprotective and anti-photocarcinogenic properties. Carotenoids are a group of metabolites with outsized importance to plant and animal life. Xanthophylls (oxygenated carotenoids) are essential components of the plant photosynthetic apparatus, where they act in photosystem assembly, light harvesting, and photoprotection. 7, 1027-1038, July 1995 O 1995 American Society of Plant Physiologists Plant Carotenoids: Pigments for Photoprotection, Visual Attraction, and Human Health Glenn E. 2011; Schenck et al. Their absorption spectra cover the UVB and UVA range, respectively, thus potentially contributing to photoprotective effects of carotenoid-rich food. photoprotection by carotenoid pigments is a widespread phenomenon observed in both photosynthetic and non-photosynthetic organisms. Nevertheless, the specific function of individual xanthophyll species awaits complete elucidation. They exhibit specific antioxidant activity but also influence Jan 1, 2022 · This phenomenon is known as photobleaching, and its rate can be evaluated by determining the time course of Chl content in a leaf or algal cell throughout the treatment. catalyst. The use of nanotechnology in the formulation of carotenoids represents a significant advance in the fields of nutritional and pharmaceutical sciences and emerges as a promising avenue to improve the bioavailability and non-degradation of active carotenoid compounds, which are essential nutritional components essential with important health Aug 1, 2021 · Carotenoids are diverse groups of colorful pigments, which are synthesized in plants, algae, bacteria, and some yeast. However, not only as a photoprotection mechanism as previously reported [30,31], but also against oxidant molecules such as the one tested in this study. 18 Preventative strategies such as the use of sun protective clothing, avoiding sun exposure, and the use of sun-screens are ideal for photoprotection. Absorption, fluorescence, fluorescence excitation and tran- sient optical spectroscopy all have been used to elucidate the mechanisms of the reactions carotenoids undergo (1 2). Carotenoids modulate cosmetically relevant skin properties. Lycopene Beta-cyclase ( β -LCY) is a key enzyme in carotenoid biosynthesis; however, the role of β -LCY in photoprotection is still unclear. Oct 14, 2024 · I. The absorbance spectrum of (all-E)-β-carotene (B) is from carrots recorded using a diode array detector (DAD) in the solvent system previously used in our study [] (unpublished data). They act as photoprotective agents, preventing the harmful photodynamic reaction, and as accessory light-harvesting pigments, extending the spectral range over which light drives photosynthesis. 4 Wm') were administered the more carotenoids were formed Feb 18, 2021 · In this stage, carotenoids may also perform role in photoprotection and antioxidant activity in order to withdraw nutrients from leaves to the storage sections. In Western populations, a lifestyle favouring tanned skin leads to increased exposure to natural and artificial sources of UV-radiation, and nutritional manipulation of the basic endogenous protective properties of skin is an attractive target. 2 g L −1 of lactose was used as a carbon source in the fermentation solution (Aksu and Eren 2005). , 2016). Dec 1, 2022 · Carotenoids are isoprenoid metabolites synthesized de novo in all photosynthetic organisms. They are the pigments responsible for the yellow, orange, and red colors in many fruits and vegetables, and play roles in photosynthesis, photoprotection, phytohormone synthesis, and attraction of pollinators and seed dispersers (Yuan et al. DOI: 10. Feb 1, 2006 · Following ingestion of lycopene or tomato-derived products rich in lycopenes, photoprotective effects have been demonstrated and a decrease in the sensitivity towards UV-induced erythema was observed in volunteers. β-Carotene and lycopene, the colorants of carrots and tom … Jan 1, 2014 · The pool of carotenoids of the thylakoid membrane increases the resistance to both EL and treatment with photosensitizers that artificially increase the release of ROS into the chloroplast . Oct 14, 2011 · Being as excellent natural antioxidant, the carotenoids in LHCIIb may play an important function in photoprotection. The study site (62°45'N, 55°49'E) was lo- Most studies that describe the role of carotenoids in photoprotection investigated the photoprotective role of β-carotene and its effectiveness in the prevention of UV-induced erythema formation, being especially useful in the treatment and prevention of some photodermatoses, namely EPP and PMLE [83,88,89,100,113,114,151,152]. Systemic Jul 1, 1995 · Since 1991, when a bacterial probe was first used to clone a plant gene for an enzyme of the pathway, progress has been rapid, but much remains to be learned about the environmental and developmental regulation of the pathways. Carotenoids are structural components of the light harvesting complexes (LHCs) and supplement chlorophyll in light-harvesting (Sierra et al. Although protection is only Sep 25, 2024 · These results reveal synergistic regulation of chlorophyll and carotenoids biosynthesis in cyanobacteria in response to frequent dark–light transitions, which slows down chlorophyll biosynthesis while promoting carotenoids biosynthesis to avoid oxidative damage caused by excessive reactive oxygen species accumulation. Carotenoids are considered key molecules for life. Mar 20, 2014 · Efficiency is more pronounced when mixtures of carotenoids are used, suggesting synergistic effects. Jan 21, 2022 · Carotenoids are isoprenoid metabolites synthesized de novo in all photosynthetic organisms. , triplet energy transfer from BChl to carotenoid , which can effectively compete with energy transfer to oxygen and prevent singlet oxygen formation, was tested by monitoring the transient absorption difference band of carotenoids upon optical excitation into the Q y band of BChl c. Recently acquired knowledge on the locali-sation and distribution of carotenoids in the photosynthetic apparatus of plants is presented. These recent studies have demonstrated that carotenoids also provide photoprotection against UVA-induced pigmentation and inhibit molecular markers of oxidative stress such as intercellular adhesion molecule 1, heme oxygenase-1, and matrix metalloproteinases 1 and 9. Jan 1, 2022 · Besides their role in light harvesting and as structural determinants of PS architecture, carotenoids have a crucial role for providing photoprotection (Naqvi et al. Nov 1, 2012 · Phytoene and phytofluene are precursor molecules of higher unsaturated carotenoids and occur in various fruit and vegetables. Cyanobacteria have developed a simple mechanism, involving a photoactive soluble carotenoid protein, the orange carotenoid protein (OCP), which increases thermal dissipation of excess energy … Mar 1, 2024 · In photosynthetic organisms, carotenoids play pivotal roles in photoprotection, dissipating excess light energy, and contributing to light harvesting in photosystems. Carotenoids are useful pigments for photoprotection due to the high density of vibrational states and the very low energy of carotenoid triplets, which is usually below that of singlet oxygen (1274 nm, 7849 cm1, or 93. Serum levels were determi … Jan 1, 2020 · Carotenoids are isoprenoid pigments that play essential roles in photosynthesis, including in light harvesting, photoprotection, and assembly/structural stabilization of pigment–protein Carotenoids provide photoprotection, reduce scavenging singlet oxygen and peroxyl radicals, and thus decrease sensitivity against UV-induced erythema (Sies and Stahl, 2004;Zaytseva et al. As Jan 1, 1993 · Carotenoids are essential for the survival of photosynthetic organisms. They affect direct signaling via gap junctions, influence cell cycle progression and membrane Jun 1, 2021 · The properties and functions of a carotenoid molecule are primarily dependent upon its chemical structure. Carotenoids can act as prooxidants in vitro The conventional photoprotection mechanism of carotenoids, i. The study site (62°45'N, 55°49'E) was lo- Jan 2, 2008 · Carotenoids Carotenoids have a number of functions in marine organisms, including photoprotection (Rastogi et al. Mathews-Roth, Corresponding Author. Oct 25, 2018 · However, carotenoids in plants are far more than colorful pigments. Carotenoids have been known for their photoprotective role for about 50 years. Hence, these complexes are capable of switching into a dissipating state to convert excess energy into heat and accommodate the excitation energy to the conditions of the environment ( Domonkos et Feb 18, 2021 · Carotenoids are natural pigment synthesized by plants and microbes. 2 Accumulation of Carotenoids in Skin . Photoinhibition is followed by destruction of carotenoids (Cars), bleaching of chlorophylls (Chls), and increased lipid peroxidation due to formation of reactive oxygen species if the excess Sep 28, 2017 · While a number of studies provide evidence that carotenoids are essential to UV-resistance in halophilic archaea, none clearly resolve the connection between UV damage and photoprotection by carotenoids since these pigments absorb in the visible light spectra and not in the UV (e. Carotenoids are essential for plants with diverse functions in photosynthesis, photoprotection, pigmentation, phytohormone synthesis, and signaling. They play critical roles as light harvesting pigments and structural components of photosystems. 9 kJ/mol). Carotenoids are heavily used as a biocolorant . Such versatility is enabled by their unique electronic structure, which includes one or more dark excited states and is readily modulated by changes in their physical and chemical structures. These pigments have received considerable attention because of their biotechnological applications and, more importantly, due to their potential beneficial uses in human healthcare, food processing, pharmaceuticals and cosmetics. The unique distribution, localization and high levels of both carotenoids within the macula lutea as well as their physicochemical properties make them suitable candidates for photoprotection. Also, there is a growing demand for natural and environmentally friendly photoprotectors, such as microbial-based products, in opposition to synthetic Abstract. Dietary Carotenoids and Photoprotection. Carotenoid photoprotection occurs naturally in some organisms and can be elicited through pigment administration in other organisms and Dec 21, 2024 · Thus, bacterial carotenoids hold promise for use in sunscreens, addressing the current demand for natural and environmentally friendly products in the cosmetics sector (Morocho-Jácome et al. The use of this system allowed us to disentangle the signal of the carotenoid from that of the bilins. Jun 1, 2004 · Different yeast species are important producers of carotenoids, pigments used as dye in the food, cosmetic, and pharmaceutical industries, but it is in the area of health that these pigments stand Jun 1, 2008 · Orally administering antioxidants such as carotenoids, vitamin E and C as well as plant extracts can have a positive synergistic effect in terms of cutaneous photoprotection. The photoprotective action of this combination was ascertained in clinical experiments. e. They play a pivotal role in photosynthesis, photoprotection, and the production of phytohormones (abscisic acid and strigolactone) in plant cells. As it is hard to discriminate the antioxidant and the quenching effect in protecting plants against Mar 11, 2018 · In this regard, carotenoids represent one of the chemical interfaces between plants and the surrounding environment (Rhodes and Nadolska-Orczyk 2001; Esmon et al. In Western populations, a lifestyle favouring tanned skin leads to increased exposure to natural and artificial sources of UV-radiation (UVR). Carotenoids have two important roles in photosynthetic organisms. 2-5. , tomato paste in olive oil, diverse tomato extracts, or even a tomato-containing carrot juice) that also include other Oct 24, 1990 · rate constant for radiationless energy dissipation in the chlorophyll pigment bed Sep 24, 2015 · Prior to this work, the assumption was that carotenoids were static, held in place by the protein scaffold. Jan 1, 2014 · Carotenoids, including astaxanthin, lycopene, lutein, fucoxanthin, crocin and others are natural pigments and antioxidants, and can be used to treat a variety of diseases, including Alzheimer’s Nov 1, 2020 · Blood and skin levels of carotenoids increase during supplementation and due to their antioxidant properties and UV-absorbing effects carotenoids are used as photoprotective agents. Scolnik’ DuPont Experimental Station, Route 141 and Rising Sun Lane, Wilmington, Delaware 19880-0402 INTRODUCTION Plant carotenoids are red, orange, and yellow lipid-soluble pig- ments Plant carotenoids: pigments for photoprotection, visual attraction, and human health. Micheline M. Carotenoids are garnering attention in the skin health industry because of their UV Carotenoids have two important roles in photosynthetic organisms. Our data support the hypothesis that red species use anthocyanins as a photoprotective strategy during autumn senescence, and therefore make less use of PsbS and zeaxanthin-mediated thermal dissipation. This exploration will delve into their types, such as carotenes and xanthophylls, and examine how these pigments support various physiological processes. Dec 1, 2023 · Many studies (in vitro and ex vivo experiments, epidemiological and clinical trials) point out that carotenoids, in general, are important compounds for the promotion of human health, most probably due to their nature of chemical structures and physico-chemical properties, constant existence in the diet, fluids, and tissues of humans [2, 10]. Regarding the pre-adaptation experiment, BR concentration was diminished in Jul 2, 2023 · The eligibility of carotenoids to be used in photoprotection arises from their antioxidant and quenching properties (Figure 1) and from the knowledge of their mechanisms of action: they can activate the antioxidant response element transcription system and upregulate gap junctional cell–cell communication by modulating connexin gene expression . Sep 15, 2021 · The physicochemical and antioxidant properties of seven carotenoids: antheraxanthin, β-carotene, neoxanthin, peridinin, violaxanthin, xanthrophyll and zeaxanthin were studied by theoretical means. , 2003 ), and for synthetic carotenoids that minimize it. Carotenoid pigments have been found to have a protective function against photosensitization in green plants. , Lichtenthaler and Buschmann, 2001). These studies and the latest developments in the determi- Pharmacological photoprotection can be topical or systemic. The skin is shielding our organism from exogenous threats including solar radiation. The creation of next generation non-chemically synthesised microbial pigments is obviously of indisputable importance given that astaxanthin, β-carotene, and lutein combined together account for about 60 % of the overall market value (Charalampia et al. 25 Lutein and zeaxanthin, in particular, are important for eye health as they protect the retina from phototoxic damage and Photosynthetic pigments are an integral and vital part of all photosynthetic machinery and are present in different types and abundances throughout the photosynthetic apparatus. , 2015; Hashimoto et al. The series of molecules has permitted investigation of the role of carotenoids in the quenching of excited states of cyclic Chlorophyll is an essential photosynthetic pigment but also a strong photosensitizer. From human photoprotection studies with carotenoids, it is known that at least 6 wk of supplementation are required to observe any Feb 1, 2018 · In addition to antioxidant, photoprotection and provitamin A activity, use of carotenoids to improve the commercial value of animals and animal products has also been explored. We performed a review to evaluate the evidence for systemic Oct 29, 2020 · These results can support the idea of carotenoids as antioxidant mechanism previously described in the literature . Sep 25, 2020 · These plants are the first living things known to perform photosynthesis without β-carotene and demonstrate that this pigment is not essential for photosynthesis as long as other carotenoids are present. To keep Apr 17, 2018 · Photosynthesis uses sunlight to convert water and carbon dioxide into biomass and oxygen. Moreover, C50 carotenoids are suitable for cosmetics due to their solubility and stability in oily emulsions (Henke et al. Biological properties of carotenoids allow for a wide range of commercial applications. 1159/000064534. For example, the mutant of LHCII possessing only one carotenoid (violaxanthin) becomes more sensitive to photobleaching [27]. Apr 1, 2018 · While archaea use the MVA pathway to supply the isoprenoid precursors necessary to synthesize their carotenoids, most bacteria use the MEP pathway. The leaves of sun plants differe … Photoprotection of UV-irradiated human skin: an antioxidative combination of vitamins E and C, carotenoids, selenium and proanthocyanidins Skin Pharmacol Appl Skin Physiol . Mechanisms that control the light harvesting process in the photosyn-thetic antenna of higher plants, via protective energy dissipation, are compared and discussed. Cyanobacteria are the oldest oxygenic photosynthetic organisms and the ancestors of the chloroplast. 2013; Smirnoff 2014). Carotenoids are naturally occurring colorful pigments belonging to a subset of terpenoids, mostly tetraterpenoids. In the Western world, where sunbathing and tanning are popular, combined with the global lack of consumer awareness for adequate or frequent use of sunscreens, Feb 1, 2012 · Purpose of Review Systemic photoprotection is an attractive concept; however, its use has been limited by a lack of robust evidence. Channing Laboratory, Brigham & Women's Hospital and Apr 2, 2017 · Integumentary carotenoids may contribute to some photoprotection, yet they are mainly used for camouflage and signaling, especially as breeding color. However, despite many advances in laser flash photolysis, no photodynamic studies have been so far performed on whole cells to determine the harmful threshold of light. , 2021; Ding et al. β-Carotene and lycopene, the colorants of carrots and tomatoes, respectively, are among the most prominent members of this group of lipids, and they are Chapters focus on the photochemistry of carotenoids in light harvesting and photoprotection, the nature and distribution of carotenoids in photosynthetic organisms, their biosynthesis, the herbicidal inhibition of carotenogenesis and the `xanthophyll cycle'. For instance, dietary astaxanthin is used commercially in the natural colouration of high-value ornamental fishes ( Ambati et al. , 2016; Leonelli et al. Exposure of plants to irradiation, in excess to saturate photosynthesis, leads to reduction in photosynthetic capacity without any change in bulk pigment content. In the present work, we investigate the coupling bet … Jan 5, 2015 · Carotenoids are mostly C 40 terpenoids, a class of hydrocarbons that participate in various biological processes in plants, such as photosynthesis, photomorphogenesis, photoprotection, and development. MATERIAL AND METHODS Plantago media is a perennial, short-rhizome taprooted herb. 1126/science. Their color is masked by With regard to carotenoids, the conclusion was as follows: “Although the evidence available at this time is not strong enough to offer definitive support for the use of dietary carotenoids for photoprotection in healthy patients, it is sufficient to propose that a role for carotenoids as adjuvant photoprotective agents should not yet be In this paper we report the relationship between carotenoids and ergosterol and cell UV-B resistance in different strains of the yeast Rhodotorula mucilaginosa. Cell survival was studied using a set of 13 strains; additionally, two mutants (a hyper-producing one and a colourless one) in combination … Plant carotenoids: pigments for photoprotection, visual attraction, and human health A series of phthalocyanine−carotenoid dyads in which a phenylamino group links a phthalocyanine to carotenoids having 8−11 backbone double bonds were examined by visible and near-infrared femtosecond pump−probe spectroscopy combined with global fitting analysis. Plant constituents such as carotenoids and flavonoids are involved in the light-protecting system in plants and contribute to the prevention of UV damage in humans. Carotenoids are natural pigments that play pivotal roles in many physiological functions. , 2021a Feb 18, 2021 · 23. Dec 1, 2001 · Request PDF | Photoinhibition of Photosynthesis: Role of Carotenoids in Photoprotection of Chloroplast Constituents | Exposure of plants to irradiation, in excess to saturate photosynthesis, leads Feb 1, 2012 · In vitro data show that not only β-Carotene but also other carotenoids are efficient photoprotectors, among them are lutein and structurally unusual phenolic polyenes like 3,3'-dihydroxyisorenieratene. They also control the level of species with very active oxygen, which keep accumulating in the period of senescence. They are also the precursors of biologically active molecules not only in plants (including hormones and retrograde signals) but also in animals (including retinoids A new combination of beta-carotene (25 mg) and canthaxanthin (35 mg) was clinically investigated in 74 patients with various photodermatoses and 111 patients with pigmentation disorders. 105 Human skin concentrations of β-carotene and lycopene decreased after UVR exposure. Jan 21, 2022 · In plants, carotenoids are essential for photosynthesis and photoprotection. Science 216 , 982-984 (1982). 2002 Sep-Oct;15(5):307-15. 4 and Section 6. One of the most well-known mechanisms is the pro-vitamin A activity of β- and α-carotene, in which these carotenoids can be used as a precursor for endogenous production of essential vitamin A (retinol). , 2018). This method allows an indirect evaluation of the role carotenoids play in photoprotection (Dall'Osto et al. Loss of double bond can degrade these molecules. β-carotene is known to quench singlet oxygen and can have strong antioxidant activity. Systemic supplements may be used as a monotherapy or in combination with topical sunscreens. They are also critically important for humans as precursors … Under high irradiance, light becomes dangerous for photosynthetic organisms and they must protect themselves. 7 below, there are additional mechanisms at play that engage and disengage zeaxanthin in the act of thermal energy dissipation as an additional layer of control over the Oct 10, 2012 · In the skin, photoprotection by carotenoids occurs by direct absorption of UVA, UVB, and VL by acting against the action of UVR on exposed molecules, which become unstable and potentially Jul 2, 2023 · The eligibility of carotenoids to be used in photoprotection arises from their antioxidant and quenching properties and from the knowledge of their mechanisms of action: they can activate the antioxidant response element transcription system and upregulate gap junctional cell–cell communication by modulating connexin gene expression . Carotenoids also serve as precursors for two plant hormones and a diverse set of apocarotenoids. Plantain is common in floodplain meadows and sparse forests. Bartley and Pablo A. They exhibit specific antioxidant activity but also influence signaling and gene expression at the cellular level. 106 Long-term supplementation with β-carotene or Jun 7, 2024 · The recognition of the photoprotective effects of VC and VE suggests their combined use as a supplement in protection against UVR, especially in patients with sensitive skin or those who do not tolerate topical photoprotection well. Their ubiquity is imperative for the crucial roles they play in Nov 1, 2021 · Plant carotenoids are essential for photosynthesis and photoprotection and provide colors in the yellow to red range to non-photosynthetic organs such as petals and ripe fruits. Plant carotenoids are red, orange, and yellow lipid-soluble pigments found embedded in the membranes of chloroplasts and chromoplasts. qE dissipates light energy absorbed by photosynthetic pigments as heat at minor light-harvesting Sep 1, 2002 · Systemic photoprotection with carotenoids after supplementation or ingestion of a carotenoid rich diet has been demonstrated in several human intervention studies. Throughout details are given of the various methodologies used. Carotenoids are essential for plants with diverse functions in photosynthesis, photoprotection of carotenoids are needed to augment the structural data. 2005; Uarrota et al. , polyphenols, flavonoids, and photosynthetic pigments, can protect the skin against the effects Jan 1, 2011 · 1 O 2 produced at PSII is scavenged by membrane-bound α-tocopherol and carotenoids. May 5, 2021 · Increasing evidence now suggests that carotenoids more effectively support skin photoprotection than previously thought, as other, more reliable endpoints such as pigmentation and molecular gene expression, than MED, have been established as indicator of photoprotection for skin. 5 billion USD in 2019 to 2. Types of Carotenoids. 11,12 The efficacy is more pronounced when mixtures of carotenoids are used, indicating synergistic effects. G E Bartley 1 DuPont Experimental Station, Wilmington, Delaware 19880-0402, USA. 23. Cell culture studies support the idea that carotenoids modulate cellular signaling independent of their vitamin A activity . Phylogenetic analysis, however, suggests that the MEP pathway is the ancestral route in bacteria. 5 A study using a supplement, of VC, VD, VE, vitamin A, selenium, lycopene, lutein, Camellia sinensis, PL, and Nutritional supplements are increasingly used to protect human skin against environmentally-induced damage, most importantly as a consequence of ultraviolet radiation exposure. qsozuwva lzyq nrcrt wpen dxdhmkx tuddfqw jlxuw pftij apyy clrltx